被动吸烟可能影响雄性的生殖成功
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1楼
科研人员发现，被动吸烟可能导致小鼠精子的遗传突变。美国处于生殖年龄的男性的1/3以上是吸烟者，此前的研究已经确定了这些人面临精子缺陷的风险高，包括精子运动性差和DNA损伤。这些异常可能导致自发流产和出生缺陷。
Francesco Marchetti及其同事试图回答公共卫生专家长久以来面临的一个问题：被动吸烟会导致可遗传的遗传变化吗？这组作者在2周时间里让雄性小鼠接触被动吸烟的一种成分，称为侧流烟，它含有数十种致癌物质。6周后，这组作者对这些小鼠的**进行了一次遗传分析，结果发现接触侧流烟的小鼠的精子DNA的已经得到证实的可遗传突变标记区域的突变率高。
相比之下，测流烟并没有增加这些小鼠的红细胞的突变率，这提示精子可能对二手烟的致畸效应特别敏感。这组作者的发现提示，被动吸烟可能导致类似的有害后果。
科研人员发现，被动吸烟可能导致小鼠精子的遗传突变。美国处于生殖年龄的男性的1/3以上是吸烟者，此前的研究已经确定了这些人面临精子缺陷的风险高，包括精子运动性差和DNA损伤。这些异常可能导致自发流产和出生缺陷。
Francesco Marchetti及其同事试图回答公共卫生专家长久以来面临的一个问题：被动吸烟会导致可遗传的遗传变化吗？这组作者在2周时间里让雄性小鼠接触被动吸烟的一种成分，称为侧流烟，它含有数十种致癌物质。6周后，这组作者对这些小鼠的**进行了一次遗传分析，结果发现接触侧流烟的小鼠的精子DNA的已经得到证实的可遗传突变标记区域的突变率高。
相比之下，测流烟并没有增加这些小鼠的红细胞的突变率，这提示精子可能对二手烟的致畸效应特别敏感。这组作者的发现提示，被动吸烟可能导致类似的有害后果。
2010/2/21 13:50:02
2楼
Sidestream tobacco smoke is a male germ cell mutagen," by Francesco Marchetti et al.
Active cigarette smoking increases oxidative damage, DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and heritable mutations in sperm. However, little is known regarding the effects of second-hand smoke on the male germ line. We show here that short-term exposure to mainstream tobacco smoke or sidestream tobacco smoke (STS), the main component of second-hand smoke, induces mutations at an expanded simple tandem repeat locus (Ms6-hm) in mouse sperm. We further show that the response to STS is not linear and that, for both mainstream tobacco smoke
and STS, doses that induced significant increases in expanded simple tandem repeat mutations in sperm did not increase the frequencies of micronucleated reticulocytes and erythrocytes in the bone marrow and blood of exposed mice. These data show that passive exposure to cigarette smoke can cause tandem repeat mutations in sperm under conditions that may not induce genetic damage in somatic cells. Although the relationship between noncoding tandem repeat instability and mutations in functional regions of the genome is unclear, our data suggest that paternal exposure to second-hand smoke may have reproductive consequences that go beyond the passive smoker.
Sidestream tobacco smoke is a male germ cell mutagen," by Francesco Marchetti et al.
Active cigarette smoking increases oxidative damage, DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and heritable mutations in sperm. However, little is known regarding the effects of second-hand smoke on the male germ line. We show here that short-term exposure to mainstream tobacco smoke or sidestream tobacco smoke (STS), the main component of second-hand smoke, induces mutations at an expanded simple tandem repeat locus (Ms6-hm) in mouse sperm. We further show that the response to STS is not linear and that, for both mainstream tobacco smoke
and STS, doses that induced significant increases in expanded simple tandem repeat mutations in sperm did not increase the frequencies of micronucleated reticulocytes and erythrocytes in the bone marrow and blood of exposed mice. These data show that passive exposure to cigarette smoke can cause tandem repeat mutations in sperm under conditions that may not induce genetic damage in somatic cells. Although the relationship between noncoding tandem repeat instability and mutations in functional regions of the genome is unclear, our data suggest that paternal exposure to second-hand smoke may have reproductive consequences that go beyond the passive smoker.
2010/2/21 16:32:46